To evaluate the ongoing structural debate, clinical measurements show how prominent internal and external structures compare across weight, dimensions, and formal anatomical status:
| Structure | Approximate Mass | Surface Area / Footprint | Anatomical Classification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Skin (Integument) | 3.5, 4.5 kg (dermal layers); 9, 11 kg with hypodermis | 1.6, 2.2 m² | Uncontested largest organ overall |
| Liver | 1.4, 1.6 kg | Occupies upper-right abdominal cavity | Largest internal solid organ |
| Brain | 1.3, 1.4 kg | Cerebral cortex area ~0.2 m² | Central nervous system control organ |
| Lungs (Both) | 0.9, 1.1 kg combined | 50, 75 m² (alveolar internal exchange) | Respiratory exchange organ |
| Mesentery | 0.5, 1.0 kg | Continuous fan-like abdominal fold | Reclassified continuous visceral organ |
| Interstitium | Variable fluid mass (~10, 12 L) | Dispersed globally throughout tissues | Extracellular fluid/connective tissue space |
